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Success

New Research on the Placebo Effect

by Michael Lovitch

You have probably heard about the Placebo effect. We know new drugs are measured against the placebo effect because a good percentage of people get better just by taking sugar
pills.

I think a lot of us don’t take the time to consider how crazy this is. Some pretty major health conditions are “cured” by basically the belief that the pill or injection will work.

This is obviously power of the mind stuff, but until recently scientists had never been able to actually “see” the placebo effect actually working in the brain.

Thanks to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (f MRI) and PET scans, researchers can now see the brain work in real time.

The Placebo Research

A researcher named Jon-Kar Zubieta, a neurologist at the University of Michigan, used some amazing trickery in order to discover that the driver of placebo effect in the brain is an area called the nucleus accumbens (NAcc).

What is interesting, (and actually makes sense) is that this area of the brain is responsible for our expectancy of reward.

I won’t go into too much detail about the actual study (it involved researchers sticking subjects in the jaw with a needle to cause pain - OUCH!!!), and then giving them an intravenous pain cure.

The cure of course was just plain old saline solution (a placebo).

The PET scans revealed that the placebo caused an actual dopamine boost with highest dopamine release coming from the nucleus accumbens (NAcc).

All the subjects experienced some relief, but some more than others.

So the researchers used fMRI on the same subjects to see if there was a correlation between those who got the best placebo effect with those who potentially had the mostactive nucleus accumbens (NAcc).

Scientists are tricky! Here is how they pulled it off.

While using f MRI to monitor brain activity, they had the subjects play a game where they could receive monetary rewards. The anticipation of reward intensified the activity in the nucleus accumbens.

The cool part is that the people who had the highest activity in the NAcc during the game are the same people who had the most profound placebo effect in the pain part of the study.

The Take Home

So it seems that it pays to have an NAcc that hums if you want to get cured by a sugar pill.

I have been thinking about this study a lot and it begs this question.

Could we actually train ourselves to enhance our expectancy of reward, thus strengthening the NA? If so, this might mean we could develop some ability for self healing. Or it just might be genetic - nobody knows right now

Here is the citation for the study I just summarized.

Scott et al.: Individual Differences in Reward Responding
Explain Placebo-Induced Expectations and Effects
Publishing in Neuron 55, 325–336, July 19, 2007. DOI
10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.028.

The research is still in its early stages and I would curious if any of you have any other real research on the subject (not new age mumbo jumbo, but real peer reviewedresearch).

If you do, just post it below.

Here are some other cool facts about the placebo effect:

  • Orange, Red and other hot colored tablets work better as stimulants.
  • Cool colored ones (blue, green, purple) work better as depressants.
  • Big pills generally work better than small pills!
  • Higher priced pills work better than lower priced pills.
  • Injections work better than tablets
  • And “branded” tablets work better than unbranded tablets!
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Procrastination Thoughts

by Michael Lovitch

As his publisher, I have been lucky enough to work with Dr. Neil Fiore, one of the nation’s foremost experts in productivity, for the last three years. In this time, my partner and I have created a publishing company that now has over 20 titles, brings in 7 figures a year, and that has a worldwide following. We have done this with only three employees and little to no outsourcing.

People ask me how I was able to get so much done in such a short period of time, and I can honestly say a lot of it had to do with Dr. Fiore and what he has taught me about productivity. Don’t get me wrong: I still procrastinate sometimes, get behind on projects, and have a hard time meeting some obligations. But overall, I get a lot done and also have quite a bit of time to enjoy myself and hang out with my family and my friends.

Dr. Fiore has a lot more to offer than this, but I thought I would share the principles that have helped me personally to become a more productive person.

A short synopsis is that procrastination isn’t the problem — it is a symptom of other problems. When people tell you to “Get Organized,” “Just Do It,” “Think Big,” or “Never Say Can’t,” they are thinking at the surface level. They simply will not help you at all. Instead of yelling back at them, just send them to this article.

TAKE HOME PRINCIPLES I LEARNED FROM NEIL FIORE:

1. Ending procrastination and being more productive is not about tactics. Most experts on the subject give you how-tos like: “break it up into small chunks” or “set priorities.” We all know this! This kind of advice misses the point — you would do these things if you could. This has helped me focus less on techniques and more on underlying causes.

2. “Procrastination is a mechanism for coping with the anxiety associated with starting or completing any task or decision.” I can’t tell you how valuable this definition is. When you aren’t doing what you know you need to do, explore the anxiety and fear you are avoiding. For example, when I have a big joint venture, I sometimes find myself dragging my feet. I have found that it is not because I can’t do the work, but because I am afraid it will bomb!

3. You have to get rid of your procrastination addiction. OK, what does this mean? Just like any other addiction, procrastination has its underlying rewards.

a. It can be a way to express resentment. You can get even with authorities (your boss, your partner, your spouse, your parents) by not doing what you say you will do. Instead of directly saying “no,” you just drag your feet. Here you are playing the powerless victim, and procrastination is a way of expressing the little power you think you have.

b. It defends you against fear of failure. This results when you over-identify with your work. If you never get a project done, it can’t fail, and neither can you.

c. It defends against fear of success. Getting projects done can lead to promotion, loss of friends, judgment from others as a brown nose, etc. This is a hard one to identify for yourself, but it is more common than you think and resides pretty deep.

4. The first step towards productivity and away from procrastination is creating safety. You delay the project because of fear and anxiety, then you use the deadline as your fuel. If the result of the project is less than it could be, you can always tell yourself that it wasn’t you — it was the “time pressure.” If you are able to create a sense of safety (protection from rejection, that no matter what happens you will be OK) you will be less likely to delay for reasons of safety. This is about developing a sense of self worth.

5. Play with your internal dialogue, especially when it comes to things you “should,” “must,” or “have” to do. If your attitude is that you have to do something, then you are taking away your power. Replace these with “choose.” Try this exercise:

Say to yourself, “I have to get (think of a project) done.” Notice how it makes you feel about yourself, and about actually getting to work on the project. Now say to yourself, “I choose to get (think of project) done.” Notice how you feel about yourself and the project. If you are like most people, you will find you are more motivated to start. So start replacing all your “have-tos” with “I choose to.”

6. Get yourself in the right frame of mind when working on all projects. This is the most important, and most difficult to remember. You have probably heard of the “flow state.” Research at the University of Chicago demonstrate that productivity and creativity flourish when this state is reached. This state can be achieved with practice. In layman’s terms, it can be defined as being totally absorbed in what you are doing without critical thought. I started practicing this and find that I can get a lot more done in a shorter period of time by taking a couple of minutes to relax and focus BEFORE working on a project.

We have a free download on our site where Dr. Fiore guides you to this state:
http://www.hypnosisnetwork.com/hypnosis/success/relax.php

I hope these productivity ideas have helped you. Whole books have been written on the subject. (I recommend Dr. Fiore’s The Now Habit: A Strategic Program for Overcoming Procrastination and Enjoying Guilt-Free Play.) As you can see, it is really about how you think about things.

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Willpower Is Killing Your Performance

by Michael Lovitch

According to a fascinating experiment published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, just one act of self-control depletes your ability to have self-control in another unrelated area.

For example, when subjects were told not to eat chocolates sitting right in front of them, their persistence in puzzle solving deteriorated. When they were told to suppress an emotional reaction to a movie, they had problems solving a solvable anagram. The list goes on and on.

The take home is that we all have a limited capacity for conscious self-control. (No wonder it is so hard to stay away from the chocolate chip cookies!).

Think about your everyday life and how many times you tell yourself you are going to do something and you don’t. Well, this is your excuse! Your conscious mind simply can’t handle too many acts of will without sacrificing on the quality of your other tasks - so your unconscious mind basically decides to let you eat the cookie so you can get on with your life. . .

Of course some people are able to pull off what appears to be willpower. People do succeed at dieting, smoking cessation, overcoming stage fright, constant procrastination and a whole lot more.

How do they do it?

A key is developing what Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz (two amazing performance coaches) call “rituals.” Because we have such a low capacity for conscious acts of self control, we need to develop productive unconscious rituals. These are behaviors we don’t even have to think about. Brushing your teeth every night and morning is a ritual that (hopefully) you don’t even think about. Therefore, it doesn’t detract from your overall performance.

You can practice behaviors in small doses so that they eventually become rituals, AND you can speed up this process by using tools such as hypnosis. Hypnosis is a state of focused attention that allows you to bridge the conscious-unconscious interface.

I know this sounds a little crazy, and for a long time I thought it was crazy as well. I am still not completely sure how all of this works, but I have experienced and witnessed some pretty powerful stuff. Not “Woo Woo” stuff, but impressive nonetheless. So my curiosity is killing me, and maybe between us we can figure some more stuff out.

Analysis of multiple studies showing how
exerting willpower affects performance

Source: John A. Bargh and Tanya L. Chartrand, “The Unbearable Automacity of Being.” American Psychologist, July 1999, Vol. 54, No. 7, 462-479. Click here to enlarge.

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